https://buero-paris.com/ https://sunmpo.com/ PERKEMBANGAN ANALISIS FITOLIT DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM ARKEOLOGI DI INDONESIA | Pratama | Forum Arkeologi

PERKEMBANGAN ANALISIS FITOLIT DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM ARKEOLOGI DI INDONESIA

Aldhi Wahyu Pratama

Abstract


Nowadays, the method of analysis in archaeology is growing, including the archaeobotany approach by using phytolith analysis. Apart from other microbotany data such as pollen and starch, phytolith has the advantage of being able to survive in the soil under fairly extreme conditions. Phytolite analysis is still rarely used in Indonesia for reconstructing the past environment,. Meanwhile, it has been used in other scientific researches such as paleoclimatology, paleoecology, paleoethnobotany. The purpose of this research is to explain phytolith as archaeological data and its implementation in archeology in Indonesia. This research data focuses on reviews of several studies which have used phytolith data as archaeological data in the world, including in Indonesia. Based on the results of archaeological research using phytolith data in this paper, it can provide an overview of the past environment, plant use, and human dietary patterns. Research prospects using phytolith analysis in Indonesia are still wide open which is also described in this paper.

 

Metode analisis dalam arkeologi dewasa ini semakin berkembang, termasuk pendekatan arkeobotani dengan menggunakan analisis fitolit. Selain data mikrobotani lain seperti polen dan starch, fitolit memiliki keuntungan tersendiri yang mampu bertahan di dalam tanah dengan kondisi yang cukup ekstrim. Namun, di Indonesia sendiri analisis fitolit dalam arkeologi relatif sedikit digunakan dalam upaya rekonstruksi lingkungan masa lalu. Sementara itu fitolit telah digunakan dalam penelitian ilmu lain seperti paleoklimatologi, paleoekologi, paleoetnobotani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan fitolit sebagai data arkeologi dan implementasinya dalam arkeologi di Indonesia. Data penelitian ini berfokus pada ulasan beberapa penelitian di dunia termasuk di Indonesia yang telah menggunakan data fitolit sebagai data arkeologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian arkeologi dengan menggunakan data fitolit dalam tulisan ini dapat memberikan gambaran lingkungan masa lalu, pemanfaatan tumbuhan, dan juga pola diet manusia. Selain itu prospek penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis fitolit di Indonesia masih terbuka lebar yang juga dijelaskan dalam tulisan ini. 


Keywords


arkeobotani; analisis fitolit; lingkungan masa lalu

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alifah. 2016. “Sumberdaya Tumbuhan Dan Pemanfaatannya Di Situs Gua Here Sorot Entapa Dan Kuil Eu Lapa, Pulau Kisar Maluku: Berdasarkan Studi Arkeobotani.” Tesis. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Anggraeni. 2012. “The Austronesian Migration Hypothesis as Seen from Prehistoric Settlements on the Karama River, Mamuju, West Sulawesi.” Australian National University.

Binford, L.R. 1968. “Some Comments on Historical versus Processual Archaeology.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 24 (3): 267–75.

Bowdery, Doreen. 1999. “Phytoliths from Tropical Sediments: Reports from Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea.” Bulletin of the Indo- Pacific Prehistory Association 18: 159–68.

Brothwell, D. R. and Pollard, A. M. 2001. “Archaeological Science: A Current Perspective.” In Handbook of Archaeological Sciences, 18–20.

Brown, D. 1984. “Prospects and Limits of a Phytolith Key for Grasses in the Central United States.” Journal of Archaeological Science 11: 221–43.

Bryant, V. M., Jr., and G. Williams-Dean. 1975. “The Coprolites of Man.” Scientific American 232 (1): 100–109.

Carbone, Victor A. 1977. “Phytoliths as Paleoecological Indicators.” Annals of the New York Academy of Science 288: 194–205.

Elvida, Lea Purwyanasari. 2016. “Variasi Tumbuhan Masa Prasejarah Kajian Berdasarkan Fitolit Pada Sedimen Song Gilap, Wonogiri.” Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Fægri, K., and Iversen. 1975. Textbook of Polen Analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Hafner Press. Heizer, Robert Fleming. 1962. “The Background of Thomsen’s Three-Age System.” Technology and Culture 3 (3): 259– 66.

Hidayah, Ati Rati. 2017. “Pemanfaatan Kerang Dan Tumbuhan Di Situs Gua Gede, Pulau Nusa Penida, Bali.” Tesis. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Kaharudin, Hendri Asyhari Fajrian. 2019. “Kelahiran Arkeologi Indonesia di Ilmu Sosial dan Perkembangannya di Ilmu Alam.” Historia 3 (1): 21–32. https://doi. org/10.17509/historia.v3i1.20142.

Kealhofer, Lisa, and Dolores R. Piperno. 1998. “Opal Phytoliths in Southeast Asian Flora.” Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, no. 88: 1–39. https://doi.org/10.5479/ si.0081024x.88.

Loy, Thomas H. 1994. “Method in the Analysis of Starch Residues on Prehistoric Stone Tool.” In Tropical Archaeobotany: Applications and New Developments, edited by Jon G. Hather, 270. London: Psychology Press.

Miller, F. Naomi. 1995. “Archaeobotany: Macroremains.” American Journal of Archaeology 99 (1): 91–93.

Monk, Kathryn A. 2000. Ekologi Nusa Tenggara Dan Maluku. Jakarta: Prenhallindo.

Octina, Rooseline Linda. 2013. “Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Di Situs Song Towo: Berdasarkan Hasil Analisis Residu Fitolit Pada Artefak Batu Dan Tulang.” Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Patridina, Esa Putra Bayu Gusti Gineung. 2018. “Sumber Daya Tumbuhan Dan Pemanfaatannya Di Situs Gua Makpan, Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur (40.000-2.500 BP).” Tesis. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Pearsall, Deborah M. 1982. “Phytoliths Analysis: Applications of a New Paleoethnobotanical Technique in Archaeology.” American Anthropologist, New Series 84 (4): 862–71.

———. 1989. Paleoethnobotany: A Handbook of Procedures. London: Academic Press.

Piperno, Dolores R. 1985. “Phytolithic Analysis of Geological Sediments from Panama.” Antiquity 59: 13–19.

———. 1987. Phytolith Analysis: An Archaeological and Geological Perspective. San Diego: Academic Press.

______. 1988. Phytolith Analysis: An Archaeological and Geological Perspective. San Diego: Academic Press.

———. 2006. A Comprehensive Guide for Archaeologist and Paleoecologist. USA: AltaMira Press.

Pratama, Aldhi Wahyu. 2020. “Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Di Situs Dorompana, Dompu, Nusa Tenggara Barat Berdasarkan Analisis Fitolit Pada Residu Gerabah.” Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Primawan, R. 2011. “Ekploitasi Vegetasi Di Situs Song Terus Wonogiri Pada Masa Prasejarah.” Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Roberts, N. 1998. The Holocene: An Environmental History. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd.

Robinson, R. L. 1980. “Environmental Chronology for Central and South Texas: External Correlations to the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Southern High Plains.” 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Philadelphia.

Rovner, Irwin. 1971. “Potential of Opal Phytoliths for Use in Paleoecological Reconstruction.” Quaternary Research 1: 343–59.

———. 1972. “Note on a Safer Procedure for Opal Phytolith Extraction.” Quarternary Research 2: 591.

———. 1983. “Plant Opal Phytolith Analysis.” Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 6: 225–66.

Shackley, Myra. 1981. Environmental Archaeology. London: Allen & Unwin.

Twiss, P.C., Suess, Erwin dan Smith, R.M. 1969. “Morphological Classification of Grass Phytoliths.” Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 33: 109–115.

Wilding, L. P., Í. E. Smeck, and L. R. Drees. 1977. “Silica in Soils: Quartz, Cristobalite, Tridymite and Opal.” Soil Science Society of America, 471–552.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/fa.v33i2.680

Refbacks



Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.